Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase and autoimmunity: human genetics rediscovers tyrosine phosphatases

Brief Genetics Report Genetic Association Between a Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPN22) and Type 1 Diabetes

The lymphoid-specific phosphatase (LYP) encoded by PTPN22 is involved in preventing spontaneous T-cell activation by dephosphorylating and inactivating T-cell receptor–associated Csk kinase. We have genotyped 396 type 1 diabetic patients and 1,178 control subjects of Caucasian descent from north central Florida and report a strong association between type 1 diabetes and a polymorphism (R620W) i...

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in the Human Genome

Tyrosine phosphorylation is catalyzed by protein tyrosine kinases, which are represented by 90 genes in the human genome. Here, we present the set of 107 genes in the human genome that encode members of the four protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) families. The four families of PTPases, their substrates, structure, function, regulation, and the role of these enzymes in human disease will be disc...

Protein tyrosine phosphatases.

The molecular mechanisms of signal transduction have been at the focus of increasingly intense scientific research. As a result, our understanding of protein tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling has advanced at an unprecedented pace during the past decade. In contrast, the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases has lagged behind, but is now gathering momentum and is predicted to become a "hot top...

Humoral Autoimmunity Against Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Tyrosine Phosphatase Autoantigens

PTPs emerge as PIPs: protein tyrosine phosphatases with lipid-phosphatase activities in human disease.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of key homeostatic regulators, with wide implications on physiology and disease. Recent findings have unveiled that the biological activity of PTPs goes beyond the dephosphorylation of phospho-proteins to shut down protein tyrosine kinase-driven signaling cascades. Substrates dephosphorylated by clinically relevant PTPs extend to phosphol...